自動(dòng)變速箱的誕生源于人們想把駕駛者的左腳徹底解放出來并降低駕駛車輛的難度，因此自動(dòng)變速箱在變速箱領(lǐng)域享有至高無上的地位，是全球車企爭先研發(fā)的重點(diǎn)。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，自動(dòng)變速箱技術(shù)逐漸成熟起來，解決了平順和油耗的問題，越來越受到消費(fèi)者喜愛。
The birth of automatic transmission is derived from people who want to completely liberate the driver's left foot and reduce the difficulty of driving. Therefore, the automatic transmission has the highest position in the gearbox, which is the focus of the global car enterprise. With the development of the times, the technology of automatic transmission has gradually matured, and the problem of smoothness and fuel consumption has been solved, which is more and more popular among consumers.
不過，傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱對(duì)液力變矩器的依賴過大，這決定了傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速器的擋位數(shù)不能過多。液力變矩器是實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)換擋的關(guān)鍵部件，幾乎AT和CVT都有采用。主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)葉輪依靠中間油液實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力傳輸，減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩瞬間提高對(duì)變速箱造成的沖擊，幫助車輛實(shí)現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)起步。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是安全穩(wěn)定沒有散熱問題，缺點(diǎn)同樣也很明顯，相比純機(jī)械連接的方式，由于加入了油液，傳動(dòng)效率比較低，導(dǎo)致費(fèi)油。因此，近50年來汽車工程師研發(fā)重點(diǎn)都集中在了提高效率上，對(duì)擋位數(shù)并不關(guān)注。
However, the traditional automatic transmission is too dependent on the torque converter, which determines that the number of gears in the traditional automatic transmission can not be excessive. Hydraulic torque converter is the key component to achieve automatic shift. Almost AT and CVT are used. The active and passive impeller rely on Intermediate oil to realize the power transmission, reduce the moment of engine torque to increase the impact on the gearbox, and help the vehicle to achieve a smooth start. Its advantages are the safety and stability of the problem of no heat dissipation, the shortcomings are also very obvious, compared to the pure mechanical connection, because of the addition of oil, low transmission efficiency, resulting in oil. Therefore, in the past 50 years, the focus of R & D of Automotive Engineers has been focused on improving efficiency and ignoring the number of gears.
與此同時(shí)，在傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱上增加擋位數(shù)十分困難。擋位的增多會(huì)讓傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱變得越來越大、越來越重，以如今的技術(shù)和工藝水平造出體積小、重量輕、成本可控的變速箱幾乎是不可能的，因此傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱的發(fā)展一直受到限制。
At the same time, it is very difficult to increase the number of gears on traditional automatic transmission. The increase of the gear will make the traditional automatic transmission become bigger and heavier. It is almost impossible to create small, light and cost controlled transmission with the technical and technological level today, so the development of the traditional automatic transmission has been limited.
濟(jì)南自動(dòng)變速箱維修
為了擺脫效率問題，很多工程師獨(dú)辟蹊徑，開始研發(fā)與傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱完全不同工作原理的自動(dòng)變速箱。近年，ZF和愛信開始通過改變齒輪組結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和擋位增加，以解決傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)變速箱的效率問題，并率先在Jeep自由光和路虎極光上搭載了9速自動(dòng)變速箱。此外，通用和福特在2013年宣布聯(lián)合研發(fā)9速和10速自動(dòng)變速箱，大眾集團(tuán)宣布10速雙離合變速箱開發(fā)工作已經(jīng)開始，現(xiàn)代汽車成功研發(fā)的10速變速箱，將于2014年投入到量產(chǎn)中。未來，自動(dòng)變速箱的擋位會(huì)越來越多。
To get rid of the problem of efficiency, many engineers have developed a new type of automatic transmission, which is completely different from the traditional automatic transmission. In recent years, ZF and asin began to increase the design and gear of the gear group to solve the problem of the efficiency of the traditional automatic transmission and take the lead in carrying 9 speed automatic transmission on the Jeep free light and the Land Rover aurora. In addition, in 2013, general and Ford announced the joint development of 9 and 10 speed automatic transmission, the Volkswagen Group announced that the 10 speed double clutch transmission has begun, and the 10 speed gearbox developed by modern cars will be put into production in 2014. In the future, there will be more and more gears for automatic transmission.
越來越先進(jìn)的技術(shù)讓變速箱增加擋位不再是難題。較近幾年變速箱擋位越來越多，但遠(yuǎn)沒達(dá)到安全穩(wěn)定可靠的水平。一些車型著急上馬擋位數(shù)更多的變速箱，其實(shí)是想通過擋位數(shù)塑造車輛的先進(jìn)性，博個(gè)技術(shù)噱頭。目前僅有幾個(gè)小眾品牌車型搭載了多擋位自動(dòng)變速箱。
With more and more advanced technology, increasing gear shift is no longer a problem. In recent years, gearboxes are more and more blocked, but they are far from safe, stable and reliable. Some models are more anxious to get more gear boxes. Actually, they want to shape the advanced nature of the vehicles through the number of gears, and make a technical gimmick. At present, only a few minority brand models are equipped with multi shift automatic transmission.
多擋位變速箱會(huì)隨著規(guī)模效應(yīng)的影響擴(kuò)大，逐步降低生產(chǎn)成本、維修成本，但更大的問題還在于更復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。從汽車機(jī)械工程的角度來看，變速箱擁有更多擋數(shù)就會(huì)讓每一個(gè)齒輪同時(shí)搭配更多傳動(dòng)零部件，這就意味著制造更復(fù)雜，結(jié)構(gòu)更精密，體積越大。這樣的變速箱必然會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者駕駛習(xí)慣提出更高的要求，因?yàn)樗枰痔籼薜恼疹櫋?/span>
The multi shift gearbox will expand with the influence of scale effect and gradually reduce production cost and maintenance cost, but the bigger problem is more complicated structure. From the point of view of the mechanical engineering of the car, the more gear with the gearbox will allow each gear to match more transmission parts at the same time, which means that the manufacturing is more complex, more precise, and the larger the volume. Such a gearbox is bound to put a higher demand on consumer driving habits, because it needs very picky care.
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