一、AT（液力自動(dòng)變速箱）

1、 AT (Hydraulic Automatic Transmission)

和手動(dòng)檔相比，液力自動(dòng)變速箱（AT）在結(jié)構(gòu)和使用上有很大的不同。手動(dòng)變速箱主要由齒輪和軸組成，通過不同的齒輪組合產(chǎn)生變速變矩，AT是由液力變扭器、行星齒輪和液壓操縱系統(tǒng)組成，通過液力傳遞和齒輪組合的方式來達(dá)到變速變矩。但是由于各種輔助機(jī)構(gòu)的自動(dòng)換檔能滿足行駛上的多種需要，例如停泊、后退等，所以在自動(dòng)檔上還設(shè)有干預(yù)裝置即手動(dòng)撥桿，標(biāo)志P(停泊）、R(后檔)、N(空檔)、D(前進(jìn))，另在前進(jìn)檔中還設(shè)有“2”和“1”的附加檔位，用以起步或上斜坡之用。由于將其變速區(qū)域分成若干個(gè)變速比區(qū)段，只有在規(guī)定的變速區(qū)段內(nèi)才是無級(jí)的，因此AT實(shí)際上是一種介于有級(jí)和無級(jí)之間的自動(dòng)變速器。

Compared to manual transmission, hydraulic automatic transmission (AT) has significant differences in structure and usage. The manual transmission is mainly composed of gears and shafts, which generate variable speed and torque through different gear combinations. The AT is composed of a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears, and a hydraulic control system, which achieves variable speed and torque through hydraulic transmission and gear combination. However, due to the various auxiliary mechanisms that can meet various driving needs, such as parking, reverse, etc., there is also an intervention device on the automatic gear, which is a manual lever, marked P (parking), R (rear gear), N (neutral), D (forward). In addition, there are additional gears of "2" and "1" in the forward gear for starting or climbing slopes. Due to dividing its transmission area into several transmission ratio ranges, the AT is only continuously variable within the specified transmission range. Therefore, the AT is actually an automatic transmission that falls between a stepped and a continuously variable transmission.

AT的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：AT不用離合器換檔，檔位少變化大，連接平穩(wěn)，因此操作容易，既給開車人帶來方便，也給坐車人帶來舒適。

Advantages of AT: AT does not require a clutch to shift gears, with few gear changes and smooth connections, making operation easy. It not only brings convenience to drivers but also comfort to passengers.

AT的缺點(diǎn)：對(duì)速度變化反應(yīng)較慢，沒有手動(dòng)變速箱靈敏，因此許多玩車人士喜歡開手動(dòng)變速箱車。第二是費(fèi)油，傳動(dòng)效率低而且變矩范圍有限，不過近年不少車型都在自動(dòng)檔里面引入了電子控制技術(shù)，這方面的問題因而有所改善，但終究還是比不上手動(dòng)檔經(jīng)濟(jì)。第三是機(jī)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，修理困難。在液力變扭器內(nèi)，高速循環(huán)流動(dòng)的液壓油會(huì)產(chǎn)生高溫，所以要用指定的耐高溫液壓油，也就是平常所說的“波箱油”，另外如果汽車因蓄電池缺電不能啟動(dòng)，不能用推車或拖車的方法啟動(dòng)。如果拖運(yùn)故障車的話，還要注意使驅(qū)動(dòng)輪脫離地面，以保護(hù)自動(dòng)變速箱齒輪不受損害。

Disadvantages of AT: Firstly, it has a slow response to speed changes and is not as sensitive as manual transmissions, so many car enthusiasts like to drive manual transmissions. The second issue is fuel consumption, low transmission efficiency, and limited torque range. However, in recent years, many models have introduced electronic control technology in automatic transmission, which has improved this issue. However, in the end, it is still not as economical as manual transmission. The third is the complexity of the mechanism and difficulty in repair. In a hydraulic torque converter, the high-speed circulating hydraulic oil will generate high temperatures, so a specified high-temperature resistant hydraulic oil, commonly known as "gearbox oil", should be used. In addition, if the car cannot start due to a lack of battery power, it cannot be started by pushing or towing. If towing a faulty vehicle, it is also important to ensure that the drive wheels are off the ground to protect the automatic transmission gears from damage.

二、CVT（機(jī)械無級(jí)自動(dòng)變速箱）

2、 CVT (Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission)

現(xiàn)在的廣本飛度，旗云還有別的一些車型都應(yīng)用了CVT變速箱。它采用傳動(dòng)帶和可變槽寬的棘輪進(jìn)行動(dòng)力傳遞，即當(dāng)棘輪變化槽寬肘，相應(yīng)改變驅(qū)動(dòng)輪與從動(dòng)輪上傳動(dòng)帶的接觸半徑進(jìn)行變速，傳動(dòng)帶一般用橡膠帶、金屬帶和金屬鏈等。CVT屬于真正無級(jí)變速箱。

The current Guangben Fit, Qiyun, and other models all use CVT transmissions. It uses a transmission belt and a variable groove width ratchet for power transmission, that is, when the ratchet changes the groove width elbow, the contact radius between the driving wheel and the driven wheel on the transmission belt is correspondingly changed for speed change. The transmission belt is generally made of rubber belts, metal belts, and metal chains. CVT belongs to true continuously variable transmission.

CVT的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：重量輕，體積小，零件少，與AT比較具有較高的運(yùn)行效率，油耗也較低。

The advantages of CVT include light weight, small size, fewer parts, higher operating efficiency compared to AT, and lower fuel consumption.

CVT的缺點(diǎn)：傳動(dòng)帶很容易損壞，不能承受較大的載荷，目前還不能應(yīng)用在大排量的汽車上，普遍應(yīng)用在2升以下的車型之中，譬如奧迪的Multitronic、本田的CVT、菲亞特的Speedgear等等。

Disadvantages of CVT: The transmission belt is easily damaged and cannot withstand large loads. Currently, it cannot be applied to large displacement cars and is generally used in models below 2 liters, such as Audi's Multitronic, Honda's CVT, Fiat's Speedgear, and so on.

三、AMT（電控機(jī)械自動(dòng)變速箱）

3、 AMT (Electronic Mechanical Automatic Transmission)

是在總體傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不變的情況下通過加裝微機(jī)控制的自動(dòng)操縱系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)換檔的自動(dòng)化。因此AMT實(shí)際上是由一個(gè)機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)來完成操作離合器和選檔的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作。目前的手自一體化自動(dòng)檔基本上都是這種類型，奇瑞的QQ就有AMT的車型。

It is achieved through the installation of a microcomputer controlled automatic control system to achieve gear shifting automation while keeping the overall transmission structure unchanged. Therefore, AMT is actually completed by a robot system to operate the clutch and select gears. At present, most of the manual automatic transmission systems are of this type, and Chery's QQ has AMT models.