汽車的變速箱和發(fā)動機(jī)一樣都是汽車的超大件，成本占全車不少。一般變速箱不會出現(xiàn)什么故障，不過一出故障就是大麻煩。下面精選了10大汽車變速箱常見的故障和處理辦法，有興趣的來了解了解吧

　　The gearbox and engine of a car are both super large components, accounting for a significant portion of the overall cost of the vehicle. Normally, the gearbox does not experience any malfunctions, but once it does, it can be a big problem. Below are 10 common faults and solutions for automotive transmissions. Interested parties can learn more about them

　　1.漏油

　　1. Oil leakage

　　變速箱殼體或者油底殼處有油滲出，一個原因是由于密封件老化，密封不良引起；另一個原因是制造工藝不良造成殼體有沙眼。

　　One reason for oil leakage from the gearbox housing or oil pan is due to aging seals and poor sealing; Another reason is that poor manufacturing processes result in sand holes on the shell.

　　2.入檔發(fā)動機(jī)熄火、無反應(yīng)、沖擊

　　2. Engine stalling, no response, impact when entering gear

　　測試入檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是啟動引擎、怠速、踩住剎車、入檔，正常的的情況是1－1.2秒的時間內(nèi)有入檔的感覺、放開剎車踏板，在不踩油門踏板的情況下車輛會慢慢起步并逐步提取到10－20/小時的車速，這是一部正常的入檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如果入檔后超過2秒鐘以上即定位入檔延遲，這種情況需要立即檢修；如果入檔有強(qiáng)烈的沖擊感覺即定位入檔沖擊，需要說明的是任何的自動變速箱入檔都有一定程度的沖擊感覺，如果絲毫的感覺都沒有，反而說明內(nèi)部有故障，但這個沖擊比較大則是不能夠接受的，引發(fā)的這個問題很復(fù)雜包括除變速箱以外的很多方面；入檔死火的情況是入檔時引擎會死火，這種問題在冷車時比較明顯，引發(fā)這個問題有變速箱的問題也有其他車身系統(tǒng)的問題。

　　The standard for testing gear entry is to start the engine, idle, press the brake, and enter gear. The normal situation is to have a feeling of entering gear within 1-1.2 seconds, release the brake pedal, and slowly start the vehicle without pressing the accelerator pedal, gradually extracting to a speed of 10-20 kilometers per hour. This is a normal gear entry standard. If the delay in entering gear is more than 2 seconds after entering gear, it needs to be repaired immediately; If there is a strong impact sensation during gear shifting, known as positioning impact, it should be noted that any automatic transmission has a certain degree of impact sensation during gear shifting. If there is no sensation at all, it indicates an internal fault. However, if the impact is relatively large, it is unacceptable and can cause complex problems, including many aspects other than the gearbox; The situation of stalling when entering gear is that the engine will stall when entering gear, which is more obvious when the car is cold. This problem is caused by issues with the transmission and other body systems.

　　3.掛入D或者R，發(fā)動機(jī)熄火這種故障可能是鎖止電磁閥損壞或鎖止控制閥發(fā)卡造成

　　3. The fault of engine stalling when D or R is engaged may be caused by damage to the lock up solenoid valve or jamming of the lock up control valve

　　掛D或者R檔，然后松開剎車后，車輛并不動。又或者冷車起動后汽車能行駛一小段路程，但熱車狀態(tài)下汽車不能行駛。這種情況多是由于輸入軸或者倒檔離合器損壞，或者D/R制動器損壞造成。也可能是自動變速箱漏油嚴(yán)重，嚴(yán)重缺油；換擋桿和手動閥搖臂之間的連桿或拉索松脫，手動閥保持在空擋或停車擋位置；

　　After shifting to D or R gear and releasing the brake, the vehicle does not move. Alternatively, the car can travel a short distance after starting in a cold state, but cannot travel in a hot state. This situation is often caused by damage to the input shaft or reverse clutch, or damage to the D/R brake. It may also be due to severe oil leakage and a severe lack of oil in the automatic transmission; The connecting rod or cable between the shift lever and the manual valve rocker arm is loose, and the manual valve remains in neutral or parking position;

　　4.進(jìn)油濾網(wǎng)堵塞；主油路嚴(yán)重泄漏；油泵損壞

　　4. The oil inlet filter is clogged; Serious leakage in the main oil circuit; Oil pump damaged

　　行駛過過程中車輛換檔沖擊、發(fā)沖，也是自動變速箱常見的故障現(xiàn)像，這有可能由于變速箱油過臟，導(dǎo)致閥體卡滯而引起。

　　During the driving process, the vehicle may experience gear shifting shock and jerking, which is also a common fault of automatic transmissions. This may be caused by the transmission oil being too dirty, leading to valve body sticking.

　　5.變速箱打滑，加速無力；變速箱進(jìn)水

　　5. The gearbox slips and the acceleration is weak; Water ingress into the gearbox

　　汽車在行駛過程中，加油門提速過程有發(fā)動機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)的聲音，車子速度沒有提升，感覺整個車子無力，這種現(xiàn)象多數(shù)是由于離合器片有燒損引起。變速箱因外部原因造成進(jìn)水，導(dǎo)致變速箱工作不正常，這個可能是由于水箱串油，或者有水從變速箱透氣帽處進(jìn)入。

　　During the process of driving, there is a sound of the engine idling when the accelerator is accelerating. The speed of the car does not increase, and the whole car feels weak. This phenomenon is mostly caused by burnt clutch plates. The gearbox is not functioning properly due to water ingress caused by external factors, which may be caused by oil leakage in the water tank or water entering from the gearbox vent cap.

　　6.異響

　　6. Abnormal noise

　　①是軸承異響，一般軸承的異響同轉(zhuǎn)速關(guān)系密切，轉(zhuǎn)速越高越有尖叫聲。

　　① It is a bearing noise, which is generally closely related to the rotational speed. The higher the rotational speed, the more screaming there will be.

　?、谑遣钏倨骰蛘咧鱾鲃育X輪異響，這種異響一般出現(xiàn)在車速50－70比較明顯，因?yàn)辇X輪的嚙合面不同，一般在加油的時候響聲明顯，松開油門響聲明顯減弱。大師微信：2900184521③是油泵等液壓系統(tǒng)異響，這種響聲同轉(zhuǎn)速關(guān)系密切但同車速沒有關(guān)系，在轉(zhuǎn)速高時因?yàn)橛捅梦褪茏鑿亩鸺饨?。需要說明的是變速箱這個系統(tǒng)同引擎、底盤等件配合在一起工作，很多聲音混在一起，鑒定起來殊非易事。"

　?、?It is abnormal noise from the differential or main transmission gear, which is usually more pronounced at speeds of 50-70 kilometers per hour. Due to the different meshing surfaces of the gears, the noise is usually more pronounced when refueling and significantly reduced when releasing the throttle. Master WeChat: 2900184521 ③ is an abnormal noise from hydraulic systems such as oil pumps. This noise is closely related to the engine speed but not to the vehicle speed. When the engine speed is high, it can cause screaming due to the obstruction of oil pump suction. It should be noted that the transmission system works together with components such as the engine and chassis, and many sounds are mixed together, making it difficult to identify. "

　　7.箱體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生異味

　　7. Odor generated inside the box

　　變速箱體是靠液壓油來工作的，當(dāng)油溫過高時，會產(chǎn)生一些燃燒，這些異味會傳出來，這就說明變速箱體內(nèi)的某些執(zhí)行部件工作不正常

　　The gearbox works with hydraulic oil. When the oil temperature is too high, some combustion will occur, and these odors will be transmitted, indicating that some of the actuating components in the gearbox are not working properly

　　8.自動換擋時間過長或者過短

　　8. Automatic shifting time is too long or too short

　　一般自動變速箱都是有特定的換擋轉(zhuǎn)速和車速，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)換擋時間突然過長或者過短，這就意味著變速箱的傳動比不成比例了，同時會感覺發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速過高，情況更甚者是變速箱不進(jìn)行換擋，這都說明變速箱出了問題。

　　Generally, automatic transmissions have specific shifting speeds and vehicle speeds. If the shifting time suddenly becomes too long or too short, it means that the transmission ratio of the gearbox is not proportional, and the engine speed may feel too high. In even worse cases, the gearbox may not shift, which indicates that there is a problem with the gearbox.

　　9.行駛中引擎轉(zhuǎn)速高

　　9. High engine speed during driving

　　這個問題包括平穩(wěn)行駛中一直轉(zhuǎn)速高和提速過程中轉(zhuǎn)速兩種情況：平穩(wěn)過程中轉(zhuǎn)速高，比較容易測試，比方一部引擎排量2.0的車輛平時在2600轉(zhuǎn)即可車速達(dá)到100，如果一段時間經(jīng)常需要3000轉(zhuǎn)或更多方可以達(dá)到100，則說明此故障，一般這種故障是由于變速箱高速檔失效或者變鈕器內(nèi)部鎖止離合器失效引起的，需要立即檢修變速箱。提速過程中轉(zhuǎn)速過高，這個故障測試有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，因?yàn)樵谔崴龠^程中，引擎的轉(zhuǎn)速的上升同加速踏板有者密切的關(guān)聯(lián)，比方一部正常的帕撒特在小油門的情況引擎一般體速到2500轉(zhuǎn)即可把車輛加速起來，但在全油門的情況引擎會提升到5500－6000轉(zhuǎn)，如此巨大的反差是由于變速箱的電子控制系統(tǒng)的模糊邏輯來控制，所以這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要一定的水準(zhǔn)方可完成。

　　This problem includes two situations: high engine speed during smooth driving and high engine speed during acceleration. High engine speed during smooth driving is relatively easy to test. For example, a vehicle with an engine displacement of 2.0 can reach a speed of 100 kilometers per hour at 2600 revolutions per minute. If it often requires 3000 revolutions per minute or more to reach 100 kilometers per hour for a period of time, it indicates this fault. Generally, this fault is caused by the failure of the high-speed gear of the gearbox or the failure of the internal lock up clutch of the gearbox, and the gearbox needs to be repaired immediately. During the acceleration process, the engine speed is too high, and this fault test is a bit complicated because the increase in engine speed during acceleration is closely related to the accelerator pedal. For example, a normal Passat can accelerate the vehicle at a body speed of 2500 rpm under low throttle conditions, but the engine will increase to 5500-6000 rpm under full throttle conditions. Such a huge contrast is due to the fuzzy logic of the transmission's electronic control system, so this standard requires a certain level of professional expertise to be completed.

　　10.引擎空轉(zhuǎn)

　　10. Engine idling

　　引擎空轉(zhuǎn)一般發(fā)生在兩種情況，其一是在車輛在平穩(wěn)種突然出現(xiàn)引擎空轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象，在車速慢下來有恢復(fù)正常，這種情況一般說明變速箱在短的時間內(nèi)突然從高檔位降為低檔位，問題有可能處在控制系統(tǒng)或者散熱系統(tǒng)上，變速箱本身沒有問題。其二是在加速的過程中或者在換檔的過程中出現(xiàn)短暫的打滑空轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象，直觀的感覺是后者沒有前者那么厲害，實(shí)際上確實(shí)恰恰相反，后者的問題多半處在變速箱內(nèi)的離合器等相關(guān)環(huán)節(jié)上，處理起來出要變速箱徹底解體檢修，時間成本消耗都要比前者多出許多。

　　Engine idling generally occurs in two situations. One is when the vehicle suddenly experiences engine idling while stationary, but returns to normal when the speed slows down. This situation generally indicates that the gearbox suddenly shifts from high gear to low gear in a short period of time, and the problem may lie in the control system or cooling system. The gearbox itself is not a problem. The second is the occurrence of brief slipping and idling during acceleration or gear shifting. The intuitive feeling is that the latter is not as severe as the former, but in fact, the opposite is true. The problem of the latter is mostly related to the clutch and other links in the gearbox. To deal with it, the gearbox needs to be completely disassembled and repaired, which consumes much more time and cost than the former.

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