我們列出了7種汽車經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的小問題，采訪了多位老駕以及具有多年維修改裝汽車經(jīng)驗(yàn)的技師，一下是我們整理的7個(gè)汽車常見的故障原因以及保養(yǎng)方式給到大家：
We have listed the common problems of 7 kinds of cars and interviewed a number of old drivers and technicians with many years of experience in repairing and refitting cars. Here are 7 common fault causes and maintenance methods of cars:
汽車啟動(dòng)時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)不著火
When the car starts, the engine does not ignite
原因：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)是靠電瓶的電流推動(dòng)火花塞點(diǎn)火完成的，造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)突然點(diǎn)不起火可能會(huì)有以下兩個(gè)原因，首先很可能是由于電瓶生銹或者電瓶滴漏所造成，其次就是下雨天發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)火花塞受潮引起的。
Cause: the engine is started by the spark plug ignition driven by the current of the battery. There may be the following two reasons for the sudden ignition failure of the engine. Firstly, it is likely to be caused by the rust or leakage of the battery, and secondly, it is caused by the moisture of the engine spark plug in rainy days.
保養(yǎng)方法：每一兩個(gè)月要查看電瓶?jī)?nèi)的電瓶液是否充足。觀察時(shí)如果液面位于上下2條刻線之間則認(rèn)為合適。同時(shí)也應(yīng)該檢查各槽的液面差。如果液面不足，可以擰下蓄電池上面的蓋子，倒入蒸餾水補(bǔ)足液面。隨后還要檢查蓄電池的接線端子，使用鐵刷子刷除接線端子上的積污。如果接線卡箍嚴(yán)重污損，可以用砂紙順著內(nèi)壁擦動(dòng)，磨掉污物。如果是火花塞受潮，可將其拿出，用打火機(jī)進(jìn)行烘烤，以便盡快地使其上面的水分蒸發(fā)。
Maintenance method: check whether the battery liquid in the battery is sufficient every two months. It is considered appropriate if the liquid level is between the upper and lower scribed lines during observation. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should also be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, unscrew the cover on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Then check the terminal of the battery and remove the dirt on the terminal with an iron brush. If the wiring clamp is seriously damaged, wipe it along the inner wall with sandpaper to remove the dirt. If the spark plug is damp, take it out and bake it with a lighter, so as to evaporate the water on it as soon as possible.
汽車排氣噪音增加廢氣排放量增加超標(biāo)
Automobile exhaust noise increases and exhaust emission exceeds the standard
原因：出現(xiàn)這種原因，可能是由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的廢氣經(jīng)高溫發(fā)生氧化作用，導(dǎo)致排氣系統(tǒng)泄漏。
Cause: this may be due to the oxidation of engine exhaust gas at high temperature, resulting in leakage of exhaust system.
保養(yǎng)方法：定期檢查排氣系統(tǒng)的管路、接口處(特別是消音器等)是否被廢氣腐蝕，接口墊有沒有被沖壞。若發(fā)現(xiàn)排氣系統(tǒng)泄漏應(yīng)及時(shí)到4S店進(jìn)行修理或更換泄漏的部件。每年檢查一次不僅可以保證排氣系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，更重要的是減少尾氣中有害物質(zhì)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。
Maintenance method: regularly check whether the pipelines and interfaces (especially silencers) of the exhaust system are corroded by waste gas and whether the interface pads are washed out. In case of leakage of the exhaust system, timely go to the 4S store for repair or replace the leaking parts. Checking once a year can not only ensure the normal operation of the exhaust system, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances in the tail gas.
汽車油耗莫名增加
Car fuel consumption increases inexplicably
原因：油耗增加的原因很多。但常見又容易被車主忽略的是對(duì)輪胎氣壓的檢查。輪胎胎壓不足不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致行駛阻力增加，造成油耗上升，還會(huì)影響輪胎的使用壽命。
Reasons: there are many reasons for the increase of fuel consumption. But the common and easily ignored by car owners is the inspection of tire pressure. Insufficient tire pressure will not only increase driving resistance and fuel consumption, but also affect the service life of tires.
保養(yǎng)方法：在開車時(shí)，多留意一下各個(gè)車胎是否有氣，并定期檢查輪胎氣壓。當(dāng)然切記不要忘記備胎的檢查，以免急需更換輪胎時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)備胎已經(jīng)沒氣了。氣溫高時(shí)胎壓會(huì)比平時(shí)高一些，因此在冷天或陰涼處測(cè)量胎壓比較準(zhǔn)確。時(shí)常輪胎每行駛1萬公里要互換位置，避免前后磨損程度相差太大。如果需要更換磨損嚴(yán)重的輪胎，兩個(gè)或4個(gè)一起更好，紋路相同的輪胎可以前后交叉更換。另外，折線花紋的輪胎有助于節(jié)省燃油。
Maintenance method: when driving, pay more attention to whether each tire is inflated, and check the tire pressure regularly. Of course, remember not to forget the inspection of the spare tire, so as not to find that the spare tire is out of gas when it is in urgent need of replacement. When the temperature is high, the tire pressure will be higher than usual, so it is more accurate to measure the tire pressure in cold days or in the shade. Often, the tires should be interchanged every 10000 km to avoid too much difference between the front and rear wear. If you need to replace severely worn tires, two or four tires together are better. Tires with the same grain can be replaced crosswise. In addition, broken line tires help to save fuel.
汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能明顯下降伴隨油耗增加
The performance of automobile engine decreases obviously with the increase of fuel consumption
原因：這很可能是由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間未更換機(jī)油、機(jī)油濾清器、空氣濾清器和汽油濾清器造成了油料燃燒不充分、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)積碳增多等問題引起的。
Cause: This is probably caused by insufficient fuel combustion and increased engine carbon deposition due to the long-term failure to change the oil, oil filter, air filter and gasoline filter.
保養(yǎng)方法：機(jī)油、機(jī)油濾清器，每行駛約5000公里就要更換一次，而空氣濾清器和汽油濾清器每行駛1萬公里時(shí)需要進(jìn)行更換，否則空氣、燃油和機(jī)油中的雜質(zhì)會(huì)造成零件磨損和堵塞油路，從而影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
Maintenance method: the engine oil and oil filter shall be replaced every 5000 km, while the air filter and gasoline filter shall be replaced every 10000 km, otherwise the impurities in the air, fuel and oil will cause parts wear and block the oil circuit, thus affecting the normal operation of the engine.
汽車油泵損壞
Damage of automobile oil pump
原因：加油時(shí)的不合理行為有可能造成油泵損壞。
Cause: unreasonable behavior during refueling may cause damage to the oil pump.
保養(yǎng)方法：車主在給汽車加油時(shí)，盡量不要等燃油報(bào)警燈亮了再加油，這樣做是會(huì)縮短油泵的使用壽命，存油太少或燃油耗盡都可能會(huì)燒毀油泵。如果常行駛于市區(qū)且加油比較方便則不必一次加滿，因?yàn)檫@樣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致油浮及傳感器失靈、油表失真并增加油耗，所以建議車主在燃油消耗差不多的時(shí)候就要加油。
Maintenance method: when the owner refuels the car, try not to wait until the fuel alarm light is on. This will shorten the service life of the oil pump, and the oil pump may be burned if there is too little fuel or the fuel is exhausted. If you often drive in the urban area and it is convenient to refuel, you do not need to top up at one time, because this may lead to oil floating, sensor failure, fuel gauge distortion and increase fuel consumption. Therefore, it is recommended that car owners refuel when the fuel consumption is almost the same.
蓄電池不穩(wěn)定
Unstable battery
原因：電解液的非正常變化會(huì)影響蓄電池的性能和可靠性。
Cause: abnormal changes of electrolyte will affect the performance and reliability of battery.
保養(yǎng)方法：夏季行車，蓄電池會(huì)出現(xiàn)過充現(xiàn)象，電解液蒸發(fā)快，板易損壞。因此，需要經(jīng)常檢查蓄電池的液面高度和電解液比重(電解液比重較冬季應(yīng)小些)，要經(jīng)常向蓄電池加注蒸餾水；冬季盡量避免蓄電池完全放電，并注意電解液是否凍結(jié)。
Maintenance method: when driving in summer, the battery will be overcharged, the electrolyte will evaporate quickly, and the plate is easy to be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently check the liquid level height of the battery and the specific gravity of electrolyte (the specific gravity of electrolyte should be smaller than that in winter), and always fill the battery with distilled water; Try to avoid complete discharge of the battery in winter, and pay attention to whether the electrolyte is frozen.
雨刮刮洗玻璃效果不佳
The effect of wiper cleaning glass is poor
原因：雨刮片出現(xiàn)破損，會(huì)造成刮洗的不干凈。
Cause: the wiper blade is damaged, which will cause unclean scraping.
保養(yǎng)方法：首先車主需要改正干刮的不良習(xí)慣，還是先噴點(diǎn)水再開雨刮為好，這樣有利于保護(hù)雨刮片。其次，雨刮有時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)出咯咯的響聲，這個(gè)時(shí)候如果雨刮片是完整的，那么車主需要到4S店進(jìn)行雨刮角度的校正。如果車輛長(zhǎng)期停放，車主可以找泡沫條或者木條之類的小東西，墊在雨刮下，使雨刮片與擋風(fēng)玻璃相互分離，這樣可以延長(zhǎng)雨刮的使用壽命
Maintenance method: first of all, the owner needs to correct the bad habit of dry scraping. It's better to spray some water before turning on the wiper, which is conducive to protecting the wiper blade. Secondly, the wiper sometimes makes a clucking sound. At this time, if the wiper blade is complete, the owner needs to go to the 4S store to correct the wiper angle. If vehicles are parked for a long time, the owners can search for small items such as foam sticks or wooden sticks, and pad them under the rain to separate the wiper blades from the windshields, thus prolonging the service life of the wipers.
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