變速箱的結(jié)構(gòu)

The structure of the gearbox

變速箱由輸入軸離合器、輸出軸離合器、輸入軸、輸出軸、齒輪、鎖止離合套驅(qū)動(dòng)軸、鎖止離合套撥動(dòng)軸、倒檔變速軸、鎖止離合套回位彈簧等部分組成。

The gearbox consists of input shaft clutch, output shaft clutch, input shaft, output shaft, gears, lock clutch sleeve drive shaft, lock clutch sleeve shift shaft, reverse gear transmission shaft, lock clutch sleeve return spring, and other parts.

變速箱原理

Transmission principle

（1）前進(jìn)擋階段：輸入軸離合器及輸出軸離合器均結(jié)合，輸出軸第一滑動(dòng)齒輪嚙合在輸入軸第一主動(dòng)齒輪上，輸入軸驅(qū)動(dòng)輸出軸前段轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，輸出軸前段驅(qū)動(dòng)輸出軸后段轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力能夠順利輸出到車輪。

(1) Forward gear stage: Both the input shaft clutch and output shaft clutch are engaged, and the first sliding gear of the output shaft is engaged on the first driving gear of the input shaft. The input shaft drives the front section of the output shaft to rotate, and the front section of the output shaft drives the rear section of the output shaft to rotate. The engine power can be smoothly output to the wheels.

（2）換擋階段：當(dāng)車輛處于換擋狀態(tài)時(shí)，駕駛員分離輸入軸離合器變速箱輸入軸失去動(dòng)力；車輪變成主動(dòng)件，動(dòng)力會(huì)反向輸入給變速箱，這時(shí)由于輸出軸離合器單向傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)，反向驅(qū)動(dòng)的輸出軸離合器處于分離狀態(tài)，此時(shí)，變速箱輸入軸與變速箱輸出軸前段處于失去驅(qū)動(dòng)力的狀態(tài)，輸出軸滑動(dòng)齒輪通過撥叉實(shí)現(xiàn)與輸入軸上輸入軸第二主動(dòng)齒輪的嚙合，完成平順換擋操作。

(2) Shift stage: When the vehicle is in a shifting state, the driver disengages the input shaft clutch and the gearbox input shaft loses power; The wheels become active components, and power is input in the opposite direction to the gearbox. At this time, due to the one-way transmission characteristics of the output shaft clutch, the output shaft clutch of the reverse drive is in a disengaged state. At this time, the input shaft of the gearbox and the front section of the output shaft of the gearbox are in a state of losing driving force. The sliding gear of the output shaft meshes with the second active gear of the input shaft on the input shaft through a fork, completing a smooth shifting operation.

（3）倒檔階段：倒車時(shí)，輸入軸離合器分離，倒檔滑動(dòng)齒輪通過撥叉與倒檔中間齒輪嚙合，倒檔中間齒輪與輸入軸倒檔主動(dòng)齒輪相嚙合，同時(shí)，倒檔變速軸與鎖止離合套撥動(dòng)軸相聯(lián)動(dòng)，使鎖止離合套通過其內(nèi)的鎖止離合套內(nèi)花鍵將輸出軸前段與輸出軸后段鎖止到一起，實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出軸后段的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

(3) Reverse stage: When reversing, the input shaft clutch is disengaged, and the reverse sliding gear is engaged with the reverse intermediate gear through a shift fork. The reverse intermediate gear is engaged with the input shaft reverse driving gear, and at the same time, the reverse transmission shaft is linked with the locking clutch sleeve shift shaft, so that the locking clutch sleeve locks the front and rear sections of the output shaft together through the locking clutch sleeve spline inside it, achieving the rotation of the rear section of the output shaft.

（4）制動(dòng)階段：車輛下坡，需要發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)時(shí)，駕駛員單獨(dú)操縱鎖止離合套，鎖止輸出軸前段和輸出軸后段，再掛接前進(jìn)一擋，車輛就具有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)功能。

(4) Braking stage: When the vehicle is going downhill and requires engine braking, the driver independently controls the locking clutch sleeve to lock the front and rear sections of the output shaft, and then engages forward gear to activate the engine braking function.

二、手動(dòng)變速箱和自動(dòng)變速箱原理一樣嗎

2、 Is the principle of manual transmission the same as that of automatic transmission

變速箱分為手動(dòng)變速箱和自動(dòng)變速箱兩種，這兩種雖然都是變速箱，但在原理方面是有一定區(qū)別的，變速箱手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)原理區(qū)別是：

There are two types of transmissions: manual and automatic. Although both are transmissions, there are certain differences in their principles. The difference in the principles between manual and automatic transmissions is:

手動(dòng)變速箱

Manual transmission

用手撥動(dòng)變速桿（擋把）改變變速器內(nèi)的齒輪嚙合位置，通過大小不同的齒輪組合與動(dòng)力輸出軸結(jié)合，從而改變驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速，從而達(dá)到變速的目的。

Move the gear lever (lever) by hand to change the meshing position of the gears inside the transmission. By combining different gear combinations with the power output shaft, the torque and speed of the drive wheels can be changed to achieve the goal of variable speed.

自動(dòng)變速箱

Automatic transmission

自動(dòng)變速箱有多種，不同變速箱原理略有不同，以常見的at變速箱為例，汽車在行駛的過程中，駕駛員按行駛過程的需要操控加速踏板（油門踏板），自動(dòng)變速器即可根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷和汽車的運(yùn)行工況，自動(dòng)換入不同擋位工作，能夠自動(dòng)根據(jù)汽車車速和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速來進(jìn)行自動(dòng)換擋操縱。

There are various types of automatic transmissions, and the principles of different transmissions are slightly different. Taking the common AT gearbox as an example, during the driving process of a car, the driver controls the accelerator pedal (accelerator pedal) according to the needs of the driving process. The automatic transmission can automatically shift into different gears according to the engine load and the operating conditions of the car, and can automatically shift according to the car speed and engine speed.

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