1手動(dòng)變速箱

1 Manual transmission

俗稱機(jī)械式變速器，依靠手動(dòng)波動(dòng)變速桿來切換變速器內(nèi)的齒輪嚙合為之，從而改變傳動(dòng)比來變速。

Commonly known as a mechanical transmission, it relies on manual fluctuation of the gear lever to switch the gear mesh inside the transmission, thereby changing the transmission ratio to change speed.

由于手動(dòng)變速箱可以自由控制齒比變化，所以受到了眾多老司機(jī)的喜愛，通過控制可以達(dá)到低轉(zhuǎn)換擋，空擋滑行等來達(dá)到降低油耗，如果開的好，平順性堪比自動(dòng)變速箱。而在乘用車市場，我們常見的手動(dòng)變速箱類型包括5速手動(dòng)和6速手動(dòng)。

Due to its ability to freely control gear ratio changes, manual transmissions have been favored by many experienced drivers. By controlling them, they can achieve low gear shifting, neutral gear sliding, etc. to reduce fuel consumption. If driven well, the smoothness is comparable to that of an automatic transmission. In the passenger car market, our common types of manual transmissions include 5-speed manual and 6-speed manual.

2AT自動(dòng)變速箱

2AT automatic transmission

自動(dòng)變速箱內(nèi)部由液力變扭器、行星齒輪及液壓操作桿組成，依靠液力傳動(dòng)在齒輪間來回變動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)變速，工作原理比較簡單。

The automatic transmission is composed of a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears, and a hydraulic operating lever, which rely on hydraulic transmission to change gears back and forth to achieve speed change. The working principle is relatively simple.

由于手動(dòng)變速箱可以自由控制齒比變化，所以受到了眾多老司機(jī)的喜愛，通過控制可以達(dá)到低轉(zhuǎn)換擋，空擋滑行等來達(dá)到降低油耗，如果開的好，平順性堪比自動(dòng)變速箱。而在乘用車市場，我們常見的手動(dòng)變速箱類型包括5速手動(dòng)和6速手動(dòng)。

Due to its ability to freely control gear ratio changes, manual transmissions have been favored by many experienced drivers. By controlling them, they can achieve low gear shifting, neutral gear sliding, etc. to reduce fuel consumption. If driven well, the smoothness is comparable to that of an automatic transmission. In the passenger car market, our common types of manual transmissions include 5-speed manual and 6-speed manual.

而6AT是在中低端車型上為常見的，因?yàn)槠淠陀梅€(wěn)定又比較有平順性，像長安、福特、廣汽傳祺、紅旗等車型大批量車型都有配備，這其中愛信的6AT表現(xiàn)比較突出，平順性更佳。

And 6AT is common in mid to low-end models because of its durability, stability, and smoothness. Large quantities of models such as Changan, Ford, GAC Trumpchi, and Hongqi are equipped with 6AT, among which Aisin's 6AT performs more prominently and has better smoothness.

7AT變速箱并不多見，結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊度效果并不如6AT那么好，奇數(shù)檔很難在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)上做到優(yōu)，成本和技術(shù)需求更高，所以普及率不高，只在少量中高檔車型上搭載，例如英菲尼迪多款車型，日產(chǎn)途達(dá)等在用。

7-speed automatic transmissions are not commonly seen, and their compact structure is not as good as 6-speed automatic transmissions. It is difficult to achieve optimal mechanical structure in odd numbered gears, and the cost and technical requirements are higher. Therefore, their popularity is not high, and they are only installed in a small number of mid to high end models, such as multiple models of Infiniti and Nissan Touareg.

8AT變速箱是目前豪華車上比較常見的，這其中采埃孚8AT尤為出名，因?yàn)椴砂ｆ谠?jīng)研究表明，8AT傳動(dòng)效率比6AT提高15%，平順性好，而10AT只能再提升1%左右，但其結(jié)構(gòu)更復(fù)雜，成本高，所以8AT為目前均衡的變速箱。搭載8AT的有寶馬幾乎全系，奧迪高端車型，部分高性能車，甚至勞斯萊斯賓利此類超豪華車型。

The 8-speed automatic transmission is currently quite common in luxury cars, among which the ZF 8-speed automatic transmission is particularly famous because ZF has shown that the transmission efficiency of the 8-speed automatic transmission is 15% higher than that of the 6-speed automatic transmission, with good smoothness, while the 10AT can only increase by about 1%. However, its structure is more complex and the cost is high, so the 8-speed automatic transmission is currently a balanced transmission. Equipped with 8AT, there are almost all BMW models, Audi high-end models, some high-performance cars, and even ultra luxury models such as Rolls Royce Bentley.

9AT變速箱平順性毋庸置疑，搭載的為人熟知的就是奔馳和通用，都是自家研發(fā)，通用的特點(diǎn)為在原有6AT上增加檔位，大小卻相差無幾，可以放到現(xiàn)有車型中，而奔馳的9AT特點(diǎn)為縱置，體積雖然大點(diǎn)，不過表現(xiàn)還是不錯(cuò)的。

There is no doubt about the smoothness of the 9-speed automatic transmission. The well-known ones equipped are Mercedes Benz and General Motors, both of which are self-developed. General Motors has the characteristic of adding gears on the original 6-speed automatic transmission, but the size is almost the same, which can be used in existing models. Mercedes Benz's 9-speed automatic transmission has the characteristic of being longitudinal, although it is larger in size, it still performs well.

3雙離合變速箱

3 dual clutch transmissions

雙離合變速箱顧名思義，內(nèi)部通過兩套離合器來工作，一個(gè)離合器聯(lián)動(dòng)某一檔位齒輪后，另一套已經(jīng)在下一檔位準(zhǔn)備好，例如離合器1負(fù)責(zé)135檔，那么離合器2就負(fù)責(zé)246檔，換擋間隙小，提升順滑度。

As the name suggests, a dual clutch transmission operates internally through two sets of clutches. After one clutch is linked to a gear in a certain gear, the other set is already ready for the next gear. For example, clutch 1 is responsible for 135th gear, while clutch 2 is responsible for 246th gear. The shifting clearance is small, improving smoothness.

雙離合變速箱目前比較常見的有6-8速雙離合，而各款變速箱的表現(xiàn)是比較不穩(wěn)定的，同時(shí)兼顧了超越自動(dòng)變速箱的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及缺點(diǎn)。

The commonly used dual clutch transmissions currently include 6-8 speed dual clutch transmissions, but the performance of each transmission is relatively unstable, while also taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of surpassing automatic transmissions.

7速雙離合的應(yīng)用范圍比較廣泛，因?yàn)槠湎啾茸詣?dòng)變速箱增加了不少經(jīng)濟(jì)性，例如長城，吉利。而合資品牌中，大眾的DSG為出名，盡管以前會(huì)被人詬病，經(jīng)常有換擋邏輯混淆的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)撞檔問題，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)得到了優(yōu)化。此外因?yàn)閾Q擋快，沒有液力變扭器的原因，它也被應(yīng)用于很多性能車和超跑中，幫助提高更多性能，當(dāng)然了，好的7速雙離合變速箱依舊屬于保時(shí)捷的PDK。

The application range of 7-speed dual clutch is relatively wide, as it adds a lot of economy compared to automatic transmissions, such as Great Wall and Geely. Among joint venture brands, Volkswagen's DSG is well-known, although it used to be criticized and often had confusion in shifting logic, resulting in gear collision problems. However, it has now been optimized. In addition, due to its fast shifting speed and lack of a hydraulic torque converter, it is also used in many performance cars and supercars to help improve more performance. Of course, a good 7-speed dual clutch transmission still belongs to Porsche's PDK.

4CVT無級(jí)變速箱

4CVT continuously variable transmission

CVT變速箱俗稱無級(jí)變速箱，結(jié)構(gòu)包括主動(dòng)輪和從動(dòng)輪、傳動(dòng)鋼帶。液力變矩器、傳感器等。簡單來說，就是依靠液力變矩器改變液壓，變動(dòng)錐形輪上的主動(dòng)輪和從動(dòng)輪的夾角，改變鋼帶工作直徑，從而達(dá)到和自動(dòng)變速箱一樣的換擋效果。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以零間隙提速升檔，無頓挫，更省油，缺點(diǎn)就是承受扭矩有限，不適合大馬力車。

The CVT gearbox, commonly known as a continuously variable transmission, consists of a driving wheel and a driven wheel, as well as a transmission steel belt. Hydraulic torque converters, sensors, etc. Simply put, it means relying on a hydraulic torque converter to change the hydraulic pressure, change the angle between the driving and driven wheels on the conical wheel, change the working diameter of the steel strip, and achieve the same shifting effect as an automatic transmission. The advantage is that it can accelerate and upshift without any jerking, which is more fuel-efficient. The disadvantage is that it can withstand limited torque and is not suitable for high horsepower cars.

目前廣泛應(yīng)用CVT的就是日系車，這也是日系車一向?yàn)槿朔Q贊經(jīng)濟(jì)性好的原因之一，不過目前很多的自主品牌都開始往小型及緊湊型車上安裝CVT變速箱。

Currently, Japanese cars are widely used for CVT, which is also one of the reasons why Japanese cars have always been praised for their good economy. However, many domestic brands have started installing CVT transmissions on small and compact cars.